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Watch Hill, Rhode Island
Watch Hill is an affluent coastal village and census-designated place in the town of Westerly, Rhode Island. It sits at the most-southwestern point in all of Rhode Island, excluding Block Island. It came to prominence in the late 19th and early 20th century as an exclusive summer resort, with wealthy families building sprawling Victorian-style "cottages" along the peninsula. Watch Hill is characterized by the ''New York Times'' as a community "with a strong sense of privacy and of discreetly used wealth", in contrast with "the overpowering castles of the very rich" in nearby Newport.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=WATCH HILL TO POINT JUDITH - 20 MILES OF SUMMER FUN - NYTimes.com )〕 Today, it is best known as the backdrop for the Ocean House, the only Forbes Five-Star and AAA Five Diamond Hotel in Rhode Island.
== History ==
Once occupied by Niantic Indians in the 17th century, European colonists used the area as an important lookout point during the French and Indian War and the Revolutionary War, hence the community’s name.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Watch Hill, RI - Watch Hill, Rhode Island Information, Accommodations, Restaurants, Attractions, Events & More. VisitWatchHill.com )〕 Some landmarks in the village include the Watch Hill Lighthouse, the first of which was built in 1745, 1880's The Flying Horse Carousel, the oldest operating suspended-horse carousel in the United States and a National Historic Landmark, and the 1916 Olympia Tea Room.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=For Elegant Watch Hill, New Faces on the Scene - NYTimes.com )〕
One point of interest in Watch Hill is the ruins of Fort Mansfield, an old coastal artillery post situated at the end of Napatree Point. It was one of a series of such forts constructed to guard the eastern entrance to Long Island Sound as part of the coastal defense network for New York City during the Spanish–American War. It was in operation between 1901 and 1909. After closing down over the course of several years, the land was sold in 1926, and all the government buildings were demolished during the winter of 1928–29. The three concrete gun emplacements have been left behind, and still remain there to this day. Some of the fortified gun emplacements of old Fort Mansfield have survived and, while overgrown, offers adventurers tunnels and underground rooms to explore. Occasionally, at low tide, some of remains of the Battery Connell can be seen. As the sea and sand shift, old weapons and sometimes artifacts from the hurricane are revealed.
The Hurricane of 1938 caught Watch Hill by surprise and caused a lot of damage. On Fort Road, which connected Watch Hill to the old Fort Mansfield, all the 39 houses, the Yacht and Beach Clubs, as well as the bathing pavilion were destroyed. Fifteen people were killed there alone and others survived by clinging to wreckage as they were swept across the bay to Connecticut.〔"Watch Hill In The Hurricane of September 21st, 1938" a special pictorial issue of Seaside Topics published November 1938.〕 Several breachways were created in Napatree Point after the hurricane has passed. To this day Sandy Point, once the northern extension, remains an island. The shortened Napatree Point is now a barrier beach without any roads or houses. It is open to the public, and offers bird watching and surf casting.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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